One of the most popular single-objective test functions consists of many local optima and is thus highly multimodal with a global structure. The implementation follows the formula $$f(\mathbf{x}) = 10n + \sum_{i=1}^{n} \left(\mathbf{x}_i^2 - 10 \cos(2\pi \mathbf{x}_i)\right).$$ The box-constraints are given by \(\mathbf{x}_i \in [-5.12, 5.12]\) for \(i = 1, \ldots, n\).
makeRastriginFunction(dimensions)[integer(1)]
Size of corresponding parameter space.
[smoof_single_objective_function]
L. A. Rastrigin. Extremal control systems. Theoretical Foundations of Engineering Cybernetics Series. Nauka, Moscow, 1974.